انسانی تاریخ کا سب سے بڑا دمدار ستارہ دریافت
پیساڈینا، کیلیفورنیا: انسانی تاریخ میں اب تک سب سے بڑا ’دُمدار ستارہ‘ (کومٹ) سامنے آیا ہے جو لگ بھگ دس لاکھ برس سے ہمارے سورج کے گرد چکر کاٹ رہا ہے۔ اس پراسرار شے کو ہمارے نظامِ شمسی کا سب سے بڑا جرمِ فلکی قراردیا گیا ہے۔
ہبل خلائی دوربین سے دیکھے جانے والے اس دمدار ستارے کو C/2014 UN271 کا نام دیا ہے اور اس کا مرکزہ (نیوکلیئس) اب تک ہماری معمولات کے تحت سب سے وسیع ہے۔ 140 کلومیٹر طویل مرکزہ عام کومٹ سے 50 گنا بڑا ہے۔ خود اس کے مطالعے سے دمدار ستارے کی ہیئت اور ارتقا کو سمجھنے میں مدد ملے گی۔
ماہرین کے مطابق C/2014 UN271 کا ظہور بھی مشور اوورٹ بادل سے ہوا ہے۔ یہ سرد اور برفیلے اجسام کا ایک بہت وسیع علاقہ ہے جہاں سے دمدار ستارے آتے ہیں اور ہمارے نظامِ شمسی کی اطراف سےگزرتے رہتے ہیں۔ اوورٹ کلاؤڈ بہت دور واقع ہے اور نظامِ شمسی سے ماورا ہے۔ بعض ماہرینِ فلکیات اوورٹ کلاؤڈ کو مفروضہ بھی قرار دیتے ہیں۔
جب جب اس جگہ سے کوئی برفیلا اجسام باہر نکلتا ہے تو ہمارے سورج کی بے پناہ ثقلی قوت کی بنا پر یہ کھنچا چلا آتا ہے اور جیسے جیسے سورج کے گرد پہنچتا ہے اس کی پگھلی ہوئی برف لمبی دم کی طرح ہوتی جاتی ہے۔ جب اس پر روشنی پڑتی ہے تو ہمیں لمبی برفیلی دم محسوس ہوتی ہے اور یوں ہم اسے کومٹ یا دمدار ستارہ کہتے ہیں۔
خیال ہے کہ اس کو دیکھ کر خود اوورٹ کلاؤڈ کی تشکیل کو سمجھا جاسکتا ہے۔ اب تک ہم جانتےہیں کہ اوورٹ کلاؤڈ اندرونی نظامِ شمسی میں بہت عرصے پہلے بنے تھے۔ پھر بڑے گیسی سیارے مثلاً زحل اور مشتری وجود میں آئے اور اورٹ بادل وہاں سے ہٹ کر دور ہوتے گئے۔
یونیورسٹی آف کیلیفورنیا لاس اینجلس کے ماہرِ فلکیات ڈیوڈ جیووٹ نے کہا کہ دمدار ستارہ محض ایک نمونہ ہے اور شاید ایسے سینکڑوں ہزاروں دمدار ستارے موجود ہیں لیکن اتنے مدھم ہیں کہ ہم انہیں اچھی طرح دیکھ نہیں سکتے۔ پہلے پہل اس کی روشنی سے قیاس کیا گیا کہ یہ غیرمعمولی طور پر بہت بڑا دمدار ستارہ اور اب اس کی تصدیق ہوچکی ہے۔
سائنسدانوں واضح تصاویر اور کمپیوٹر ماڈلنگ سے دمدار ستارے کے مرکزے کا اندازہ لگایا ہے۔ اس کا مدار بھی سب سے طویل اور لمبا ہے جبکہ طویل دم برف اور گیسوں سے بنی ہے۔ اگرچہ C/2014 UN271 کا باضابطہ اعلان گزشتہ برس کیا گیا لیکن یہ ڈارک انرجی سروے کے ڈیٹا میں سال 2014 اور 2018 میں دو مرتبہ سامنے آیا لیکن ایک اور مطالعے میں اس کا شائبہ 2010 میں بھی ملا تھا۔
دلچسپ بات یہ ہے کہ اس کا مدار بہت ہی بیضوی اور طویل ہے اوریہ 30 لاکھ سال میں ایک چکر مکمل کرتا ہے جبکہ دس لاکھ برس سے یہ سورج کی جانب آرہا ہے۔ 2031 میں یہ سورج سے قریب ترین مقام پر ہوگا لیکن وہ بھی ایک ارب کلومیٹر ہی ہوگا۔
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The STEM abbreviation is an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering and Math. The first letter of each learning subject is used to make the word STEM and it is pronounced as a word itself. But, that doesn’t mean the STEM learning programs are all about what’s underneath a flower bud, it is a specialized teaching program. DP World is funding an innovative course for teachers known as ‘Continuing Professional Development’ at its London Gateway logistics hub. It is the latest instalment in an ongoing five-year programme of support for STEM teaching at a number of local schools including Dilkes Academy, Ortu Gable High School, The Hathaway Academy, St Thomas More High School, Westcliff High School for Girls and Benyon Primary School. 15 local teachers (pictured) benefitted from the training last week and more will follow.
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